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33
Makefile Normal file
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#
# Student makefile for Cache Lab
# Note: requires a 64-bit x86-64 system
#
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -g -Wall -Werror -std=c99 -m64
all: csim test-trans tracegen
# Generate a handin tar file each time you compile
-tar -cvf ${USER}-handin.tar csim.c trans.c
csim: csim.c cachelab.c cachelab.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o csim csim.c cachelab.c -lm
test-trans: test-trans.c trans.o cachelab.c cachelab.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o test-trans test-trans.c cachelab.c trans.o
tracegen: tracegen.c trans.o cachelab.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -O0 -o tracegen tracegen.c trans.o cachelab.c
trans.o: trans.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -O0 -c trans.c
#
# Clean the src dirctory
#
clean:
rm -rf *.o
rm -f *.tar
rm -f csim
rm -f test-trans tracegen
rm -f trace.all trace.f*
rm -f .csim_results .marker

39
README Normal file
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This is the handout directory for the CS:APP Cache Lab.
************************
Running the autograders:
************************
Before running the autograders, compile your code:
linux> make
Check the correctness of your simulator:
linux> ./test-csim
Check the correctness and performance of your transpose functions:
linux> ./test-trans -M 32 -N 32
linux> ./test-trans -M 64 -N 64
linux> ./test-trans -M 61 -N 67
Check everything at once (this is the program that your instructor runs):
linux> ./driver.py
******
Files:
******
# You will modifying and handing in these two files
csim.c Your cache simulator
trans.c Your transpose function
# Tools for evaluating your simulator and transpose function
Makefile Builds the simulator and tools
README This file
driver.py* The driver program, runs test-csim and test-trans
cachelab.c Required helper functions
cachelab.h Required header file
csim-ref* The executable reference cache simulator
test-csim* Tests your cache simulator
test-trans.c Tests your transpose function
tracegen.c Helper program used by test-trans
traces/ Trace files used by test-csim.c

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/*
* cachelab.c - Cache Lab helper functions
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "cachelab.h"
#include <time.h>
trans_func_t func_list[MAX_TRANS_FUNCS];
int func_counter = 0;
/*
* printSummary - Summarize the cache simulation statistics. Student cache simulators
* must call this function in order to be properly autograded.
*/
void printSummary(int hits, int misses, int evictions)
{
printf("hits:%d misses:%d evictions:%d\n", hits, misses, evictions);
FILE* output_fp = fopen(".csim_results", "w");
assert(output_fp);
fprintf(output_fp, "%d %d %d\n", hits, misses, evictions);
fclose(output_fp);
}
/*
* initMatrix - Initialize the given matrix
*/
void initMatrix(int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N])
{
int i, j;
srand(time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < N; i++){
for (j = 0; j < M; j++){
// A[i][j] = i+j; /* The matrix created this way is symmetric */
A[i][j]=rand();
B[j][i]=rand();
}
}
}
void randMatrix(int M, int N, int A[N][M]) {
int i, j;
srand(time(NULL));
for (i = 0; i < N; i++){
for (j = 0; j < M; j++){
// A[i][j] = i+j; /* The matrix created this way is symmetric */
A[i][j]=rand();
}
}
}
/*
* correctTrans - baseline transpose function used to evaluate correctness
*/
void correctTrans(int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N])
{
int i, j, tmp;
for (i = 0; i < N; i++){
for (j = 0; j < M; j++){
tmp = A[i][j];
B[j][i] = tmp;
}
}
}
/*
* registerTransFunction - Add the given trans function into your list
* of functions to be tested
*/
void registerTransFunction(void (*trans)(int M, int N, int[N][M], int[M][N]),
char* desc)
{
func_list[func_counter].func_ptr = trans;
func_list[func_counter].description = desc;
func_list[func_counter].correct = 0;
func_list[func_counter].num_hits = 0;
func_list[func_counter].num_misses = 0;
func_list[func_counter].num_evictions =0;
func_counter++;
}

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/*
* cachelab.h - Prototypes for Cache Lab helper functions
*/
#ifndef CACHELAB_TOOLS_H
#define CACHELAB_TOOLS_H
#define MAX_TRANS_FUNCS 100
typedef struct trans_func{
void (*func_ptr)(int M,int N,int[N][M],int[M][N]);
char* description;
char correct;
unsigned int num_hits;
unsigned int num_misses;
unsigned int num_evictions;
} trans_func_t;
/*
* printSummary - This function provides a standard way for your cache
* simulator * to display its final hit and miss statistics
*/
void printSummary(int hits, /* number of hits */
int misses, /* number of misses */
int evictions); /* number of evictions */
/* Fill the matrix with data */
void initMatrix(int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N]);
/* The baseline trans function that produces correct results. */
void correctTrans(int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N]);
/* Add the given function to the function list */
void registerTransFunction(
void (*trans)(int M,int N,int[N][M],int[M][N]), char* desc);
#endif /* CACHELAB_TOOLS_H */

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#include "cachelab.h"
struct cache_line {
unsigned char v;
unsigned int tag;
unsigned long timestamp;
};
int main()
{
printSummary(0, 0, 0);
return 0;
}

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#!/usr//bin/python2.7
#
# driver.py - The driver tests the correctness of the student's cache
# simulator and the correctness and performance of their transpose
# function. It uses ./test-csim to check the correctness of the
# simulator and it runs ./test-trans on three different sized
# matrices (32x32, 64x64, and 61x67) to test the correctness and
# performance of the transpose function.
#
import subprocess;
import re;
import os;
import sys;
import optparse;
#
# computeMissScore - compute the score depending on the number of
# cache misses
#
def computeMissScore(miss, lower, upper, full_score):
if miss <= lower:
return full_score
if miss >= upper:
return 0
score = (miss - lower) * 1.0
range = (upper- lower) * 1.0
return round((1 - score / range) * full_score, 1)
#
# main - Main function
#
def main():
# Configure maxscores here
maxscore= {};
maxscore['csim'] = 51
maxscore['transc'] = 1
maxscore['trans32'] = 15
maxscore['trans64'] = 15
maxscore['trans61'] = 19
# Parse the command line arguments
p = optparse.OptionParser()
p.add_option("-A", action="store_true", dest="autograde",
help="emit autoresult string for Autolab");
opts, args = p.parse_args()
autograde = opts.autograde
# Check the correctness of the cache simulator
print "Part A: Testing cache simulator"
print "Running ./test-csim"
p = subprocess.Popen("./test-csim",
shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout_data = p.communicate()[0]
# Emit the output from test-csim
stdout_data = re.split('\n', stdout_data)
for line in stdout_data:
if re.match("TEST_CSIM_RESULTS", line):
resultsim = re.findall(r'(\d+)', line)
else:
print "%s" % (line)
# Check the correctness and performance of the transpose function
# 32x32 transpose
print "Part B: Testing transpose function"
print "Running ./test-trans -M 32 -N 32"
p = subprocess.Popen("./test-trans -M 32 -N 32 | grep TEST_TRANS_RESULTS",
shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout_data = p.communicate()[0]
result32 = re.findall(r'(\d+)', stdout_data)
# 64x64 transpose
print "Running ./test-trans -M 64 -N 64"
p = subprocess.Popen("./test-trans -M 64 -N 64 | grep TEST_TRANS_RESULTS",
shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout_data = p.communicate()[0]
result64 = re.findall(r'(\d+)', stdout_data)
# 61x67 transpose
print "Running ./test-trans -M 61 -N 67"
p = subprocess.Popen("./test-trans -M 61 -N 67 | grep TEST_TRANS_RESULTS",
shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout_data = p.communicate()[0]
result61 = re.findall(r'(\d+)', stdout_data)
# Compute the scores for each step
csim_cscore = map(int, resultsim[0:1])
trans_cscore = int(result32[0]) * int(result64[0]) * int(result61[0]);
miss32 = int(result32[1])
miss64 = int(result64[1])
miss61 = int(result61[1])
trans32_score = computeMissScore(miss32, 300, 600, maxscore['trans32']) * int(result32[0])
trans64_score = computeMissScore(miss64, 1300, 2000, maxscore['trans64']) * int(result64[0])
trans61_score = computeMissScore(miss61, 2000, 3000, maxscore['trans61']) * int(result61[0])
total_score = csim_cscore[0] + trans32_score + trans64_score + trans61_score
# Summarize the results
print "\nCache Lab summary:"
print "%-22s%8s%10s%12s" % ("", "Points", "Max pts", "Misses")
print "%-22s%8.1f%10d" % ("Csim correctness", csim_cscore[0],
maxscore['csim'])
misses = str(miss32)
if miss32 == 2**31-1 :
misses = "invalid"
print "%-22s%8.1f%10d%12s" % ("Trans perf 32x32", trans32_score,
maxscore['trans32'], misses)
misses = str(miss64)
if miss64 == 2**31-1 :
misses = "invalid"
print "%-22s%8.1f%10d%12s" % ("Trans perf 64x64", trans64_score,
maxscore['trans64'], misses)
misses = str(miss61)
if miss61 == 2**31-1 :
misses = "invalid"
print "%-22s%8.1f%10d%12s" % ("Trans perf 61x67", trans61_score,
maxscore['trans61'], misses)
print "%22s%8.1f%10d" % ("Total points", total_score,
maxscore['csim'] +
maxscore['trans32'] +
maxscore['trans64'] +
maxscore['trans61'])
# Emit autoresult string for Autolab if called with -A option
if autograde:
autoresult="%.1f:%d:%d:%d" % (total_score, miss32, miss64, miss61)
print "\nAUTORESULT_STRING=%s" % autoresult
# execute main only if called as a script
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

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/*
* test-trans.c - Checks the correctness and performance of all of the
* student's transpose functions and records the results for their
* official submitted version as well.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "cachelab.h"
#include <sys/wait.h> // fir WEXITSTATUS
#include <limits.h> // for INT_MAX
/* Maximum array dimension */
#define MAXN 256
/* The description string for the transpose_submit() function that the
student submits for credit */
#define SUBMIT_DESCRIPTION "Transpose submission"
/* External function defined in trans.c */
extern void registerFunctions();
/* External variables defined in cachelab-tools.c */
extern trans_func_t func_list[MAX_TRANS_FUNCS];
extern int func_counter;
/* Globals set on the command line */
static int M = 0;
static int N = 0;
/* The correctness and performance for the submitted transpose function */
struct results {
int funcid;
int correct;
int misses;
};
static struct results results = {-1, 0, INT_MAX};
/*
* eval_perf - Evaluate the performance of the registered transpose functions
*/
void eval_perf(unsigned int s, unsigned int E, unsigned int b)
{
int i,flag;
unsigned int len, hits, misses, evictions;
unsigned long long int marker_start, marker_end, addr;
char buf[1000], cmd[255];
char filename[128];
registerFunctions();
/* Open the complete trace file */
FILE* full_trace_fp;
FILE* part_trace_fp;
/* Evaluate the performance of each registered transpose function */
for (i=0; i<func_counter; i++) {
if (strcmp(func_list[i].description, SUBMIT_DESCRIPTION) == 0 )
results.funcid = i; /* remember which function is the submission */
printf("\nFunction %d (%d total)\nStep 1: Validating and generating memory traces\n",i,func_counter);
/* Use valgrind to generate the trace */
sprintf(cmd, "valgrind --tool=lackey --trace-mem=yes --log-fd=1 -v ./tracegen -M %d -N %d -F %d > trace.tmp", M, N,i);
flag=WEXITSTATUS(system(cmd));
if (0!=flag) {
printf("Validation error at function %d! Run ./tracegen -M %d -N %d -F %d for details.\nSkipping performance evaluation for this function.\n",flag-1,M,N,i);
continue;
}
/* Get the start and end marker addresses */
FILE* marker_fp = fopen(".marker", "r");
assert(marker_fp);
fscanf(marker_fp, "%llx %llx", &marker_start, &marker_end);
fclose(marker_fp);
func_list[i].correct=1;
/* Save the correctness of the transpose submission */
if (results.funcid == i ) {
results.correct = 1;
}
full_trace_fp = fopen("trace.tmp", "r");
assert(full_trace_fp);
/* Filtered trace for each transpose function goes in a separate file */
sprintf(filename, "trace.f%d", i);
part_trace_fp = fopen(filename, "w");
assert(part_trace_fp);
/* Locate trace corresponding to the trans function */
flag = 0;
while (fgets(buf, 1000, full_trace_fp) != NULL) {
/* We are only interested in memory access instructions */
if (buf[0]==' ' && buf[2]==' ' &&
(buf[1]=='S' || buf[1]=='M' || buf[1]=='L' )) {
sscanf(buf+3, "%llx,%u", &addr, &len);
/* If start marker found, set flag */
if (addr == marker_start)
flag = 1;
/* Valgrind creates many spurious accesses to the
stack that have nothing to do with the students
code. At the moment, we are ignoring all stack
accesses by using the simple filter of recording
accesses to only the low 32-bit portion of the
address space. At some point it would be nice to
try to do more informed filtering so that would
eliminate the valgrind stack references while
include the student stack references. */
if (flag && addr < 0xffffffff) {
fputs(buf, part_trace_fp);
}
/* if end marker found, close trace file */
if (addr == marker_end) {
flag = 0;
fclose(part_trace_fp);
break;
}
}
}
fclose(full_trace_fp);
/* Run the reference simulator */
printf("Step 2: Evaluating performance (s=%d, E=%d, b=%d)\n", s, E, b);
char cmd[255];
sprintf(cmd, "./csim-ref -s %u -E %u -b %u -t trace.f%d > /dev/null",
s, E, b, i);
system(cmd);
/* Collect results from the reference simulator */
FILE* in_fp = fopen(".csim_results","r");
assert(in_fp);
fscanf(in_fp, "%u %u %u", &hits, &misses, &evictions);
fclose(in_fp);
func_list[i].num_hits = hits;
func_list[i].num_misses = misses;
func_list[i].num_evictions = evictions;
printf("func %u (%s): hits:%u, misses:%u, evictions:%u\n",
i, func_list[i].description, hits, misses, evictions);
/* If it is transpose_submit(), record number of misses */
if (results.funcid == i) {
results.misses = misses;
}
}
}
/*
* usage - Print usage info
*/
void usage(char *argv[]){
printf("Usage: %s [-h] -M <rows> -N <cols>\n", argv[0]);
printf("Options:\n");
printf(" -h Print this help message.\n");
printf(" -M <rows> Number of matrix rows (max %d)\n", MAXN);
printf(" -N <cols> Number of matrix columns (max %d)\n", MAXN);
printf("Example: %s -M 8 -N 8\n", argv[0]);
}
/*
* sigsegv_handler - SIGSEGV handler
*/
void sigsegv_handler(int signum){
printf("Error: Segmentation Fault.\n");
printf("TEST_TRANS_RESULTS=0:0\n");
fflush(stdout);
exit(1);
}
/*
* sigalrm_handler - SIGALRM handler
*/
void sigalrm_handler(int signum){
printf("Error: Program timed out.\n");
printf("TEST_TRANS_RESULTS=0:0\n");
fflush(stdout);
exit(1);
}
/*
* main - Main routine
*/
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char c;
while ((c = getopt(argc,argv,"M:N:h")) != -1) {
switch(c) {
case 'M':
M = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'N':
N = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'h':
usage(argv);
exit(0);
default:
usage(argv);
exit(1);
}
}
if (M == 0 || N == 0) {
printf("Error: Missing required argument\n");
usage(argv);
exit(1);
}
if (M > MAXN || N > MAXN) {
printf("Error: M or N exceeds %d\n", MAXN);
usage(argv);
exit(1);
}
/* Install SIGSEGV and SIGALRM handlers */
if (signal(SIGSEGV, sigsegv_handler) == SIG_ERR) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to install SIGALRM handler\n");
exit(1);
}
if (signal(SIGALRM, sigalrm_handler) == SIG_ERR) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unable to install SIGALRM handler\n");
exit(1);
}
/* Time out and give up after a while */
alarm(120);
/* Check the performance of the student's transpose function */
eval_perf(5, 1, 5);
/* Emit the results for this particular test */
if (results.funcid == -1) {
printf("\nError: We could not find your transpose_submit() function\n");
printf("Error: Please ensure that description field is exactly \"%s\"\n",
SUBMIT_DESCRIPTION);
printf("\nTEST_TRANS_RESULTS=0:0\n");
}
else {
printf("\nSummary for official submission (func %d): correctness=%d misses=%d\n",
results.funcid, results.correct, results.misses);
printf("\nTEST_TRANS_RESULTS=%d:%d\n", results.correct, results.misses);
}
return 0;
}

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/*
* tracegen.c - Running the binary tracegen with valgrind produces
* a memory trace of all of the registered transpose functions.
*
* The beginning and end of each registered transpose function's trace
* is indicated by reading from "marker" addresses. These two marker
* addresses are recorded in file for later use.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include "cachelab.h"
#include <string.h>
/* External variables declared in cachelab.c */
extern trans_func_t func_list[MAX_TRANS_FUNCS];
extern int func_counter;
/* External function from trans.c */
extern void registerFunctions();
/* Markers used to bound trace regions of interest */
volatile char MARKER_START, MARKER_END;
static int A[256][256];
static int B[256][256];
static int M;
static int N;
int validate(int fn,int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N]) {
int C[M][N];
memset(C,0,sizeof(C));
correctTrans(M,N,A,C);
for(int i=0;i<M;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<N;j++) {
if(B[i][j]!=C[i][j]) {
printf("Validation failed on function %d! Expected %d but got %d at B[%d][%d]\n",fn,C[i][j],B[i][j],i,j);
return 0;
}
}
}
return 1;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
int i;
char c;
int selectedFunc=-1;
while( (c=getopt(argc,argv,"M:N:F:")) != -1){
switch(c){
case 'M':
M = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'N':
N = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'F':
selectedFunc = atoi(optarg);
break;
case '?':
default:
printf("./tracegen failed to parse its options.\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/* Register transpose functions */
registerFunctions();
/* Fill A with data */
initMatrix(M,N, A, B);
/* Record marker addresses */
FILE* marker_fp = fopen(".marker","w");
assert(marker_fp);
fprintf(marker_fp, "%llx %llx",
(unsigned long long int) &MARKER_START,
(unsigned long long int) &MARKER_END );
fclose(marker_fp);
if (-1==selectedFunc) {
/* Invoke registered transpose functions */
for (i=0; i < func_counter; i++) {
MARKER_START = 33;
(*func_list[i].func_ptr)(M, N, A, B);
MARKER_END = 34;
if (!validate(i,M,N,A,B))
return i+1;
}
} else {
MARKER_START = 33;
(*func_list[selectedFunc].func_ptr)(M, N, A, B);
MARKER_END = 34;
if (!validate(selectedFunc,M,N,A,B))
return selectedFunc+1;
}
return 0;
}

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L 10,4
S 18,4
L 20,4
S 28,4
S 50,4

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S 00600aa0,1
I 004005b6,5
I 004005bb,5
I 004005c0,5
S 7ff000398,8
I 0040051e,1
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I 0040051f,3
I 00400522,4
S 7ff000378,8
I 00400526,4
S 7ff000370,8
I 0040052a,7
S 7ff000384,4
I 00400531,2
I 00400581,4
L 7ff000384,4
I 00400585,2
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I 0040053a,2
I 00400577,4
L 7ff000388,4
I 0040057b,2
I 0040053c,3
L 7ff000384,4
I 0040053f,2
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L 7ff000388,4
I 0040054f,2
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I 0040053f,2
I 00400541,4
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L 0,1
L 1,1
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L 7,1
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L 9,1
S a,1
L b,1
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84
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/*
* trans.c - Matrix transpose B = A^T
*
* Each transpose function must have a prototype of the form:
* void trans(int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N]);
*
* A transpose function is evaluated by counting the number of misses
* on a 1KB direct mapped cache with a block size of 32 bytes.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cachelab.h"
int is_transpose(int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N]);
/*
* transpose_submit - This is the solution transpose function that you
* will be graded on for Part B of the assignment. Do not change
* the description string "Transpose submission", as the driver
* searches for that string to identify the transpose function to
* be graded.
*/
char transpose_submit_desc[] = "Transpose submission";
void transpose_submit(int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N])
{
}
/*
* You can define additional transpose functions below. We've defined
* a simple one below to help you get started.
*/
/*
* trans - A simple baseline transpose function, not optimized for the cache.
*/
char trans_desc[] = "Simple row-wise scan transpose";
void trans(int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N])
{
int i, j, tmp;
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < M; j++) {
tmp = A[i][j];
B[j][i] = tmp;
}
}
}
/*
* registerFunctions - This function registers your transpose
* functions with the driver. At runtime, the driver will
* evaluate each of the registered functions and summarize their
* performance. This is a handy way to experiment with different
* transpose strategies.
*/
void registerFunctions()
{
/* Register your solution function */
registerTransFunction(transpose_submit, transpose_submit_desc);
/* Register any additional transpose functions */
registerTransFunction(trans, trans_desc);
}
/*
* is_transpose - This helper function checks if B is the transpose of
* A. You can check the correctness of your transpose by calling
* it before returning from the transpose function.
*/
int is_transpose(int M, int N, int A[N][M], int B[M][N])
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < M; ++j) {
if (A[i][j] != B[j][i]) {
return 0;
}
}
}
return 1;
}