/*
 * mm-naive.c - The fastest, least memory-efficient malloc package.
 *
 * In this naive approach, a block is allocated by simply incrementing
 * the brk pointer.  A block is pure payload. There are no headers or
 * footers.  Blocks are never coalesced or reused. Realloc is
 * implemented directly using mm_malloc and mm_free.
 *
 * NOTE TO STUDENTS: Replace this header comment with your own header
 * comment that gives a high level description of your solution.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "mm.h"
#include "memlib.h"

/*********************************************************
 * NOTE TO STUDENTS: Before you do anything else, please
 * provide your team information in the following struct.
 ********************************************************/
team_t team = {
  /* Team name */
  "anna.schlittenhardt@stud.uni-due.de+tuan-dat.tran@stud.uni-due.de",
  /* First member's full name */
  "Anna Schlittenhardt",
  /* First member's email address */
  "anna.schlittenhardt@stud.uni-due.de",
  /* Second member's full name (leave blank if none) */
  "Tuan-Dat Tran",
  /* Second member's email address (leave blank if none) */
  "tuan-dat.tran@stud.uni-due.de"
};

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////// STRUCTURE //////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Filled Blk
//              31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// HEADER      | SIZE                                                                                       | A|
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// BP->        | ALLOCED MEMORY                                                                                |
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// FOOTER      | SIZE                                                                                       | A|
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// 
// Empty Blk
//              31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1  0
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// HEADER      | SIZE                                                                                       | A|
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// BP->        | PTR TO PREV FREE BLK                                                                          |
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
//             | PTR TO NEXT FREE BLK                                                                          |
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
//             | UNALLOC MEMORY                                                                                |
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
// FOOTER      | SIZE                                                                                       | A|
//             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////// DEFINES ///////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/* single word (4) or double word (8) alignment */
#define ALIGNMENT 8

/* rounds up to the nearest multiple of ALIGNMENT */
#define ALIGN(size) (((size) + (ALIGNMENT-1)) & ~0x7)

#define SIZE_T_SIZE (ALIGN(sizeof(size_t)))

/* Page 830, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
/* Basic constants and macros */
#define WSIZE 4 /* Word and header/footer size (bytes) */
#define DSIZE 8 /* Double word size (bytes) */
#define CHUNKSIZE (1<<12) /* Extend heap by this amount (bytes) */

#define MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y)? (x) : (y))
#define MIN(x, y) ((x) < (y)? (x) : (y))

/* Pack a size and allocated bit into a word */
#define PACK(size, alloc) ((size) | (alloc))

/* Read and write a word at address p */
#define GET(p) (*(unsigned int *)(p))
#define PUT(p, val) (*(unsigned int *)(p) = (val))

/* Read the size and allocated fields from address p */
#define GET_SIZE(p) (GET(p) & ~0x7)
#define GET_ALLOC(p) (GET(p) & 0x1)

/* Given block ptr bp, compute address of its header and footer */
#define HDRP(bp) ((char *)(bp) - WSIZE)
#define FTRP(bp) ((char *)(bp) + GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp)) - DSIZE)

/* Given block ptr bp, compute address of next and previous blocks */
#define NEXT_BLKP(bp) ((char *)(bp) + GET_SIZE(((char *)(bp) - WSIZE)))
#define PREV_BLKP(bp) ((char *)(bp) - GET_SIZE(((char *)(bp) - DSIZE)))

#define PUT_PTR(p, ptr) (*(unsigned int *)(p) = (unsigned int)(ptr))

#define PRV_PTR(ptr) ((char *)(ptr))
#define NXT_PTR(ptr) ((char *)(ptr) + WSIZE)

#define PRV_BLK(ptr) (*(char **)(ptr))
#define NXT_BLK(ptr) (*(char **)(NXT_PTR(ptr)))

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////// GLOBAL VARS /////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define LISTSIZE 20
static char* heap_listp;
char* seg_list[LISTSIZE];

static void insert_node(void *ptr, size_t size) {
  int list = 0;
  void *search_ptr = ptr;
  void *insert_ptr = NULL;
    
  // Select segregated list 
  while ((list < LISTSIZE - 1) && (size > 1)) {
    size >>= 1;
    list++;
  }
    
  // Keep size ascending order and search
  search_ptr = seg_list[list];
  while ((search_ptr != NULL) && (size > GET_SIZE(HDRP(search_ptr)))) {
    insert_ptr = search_ptr;
    search_ptr = PRV_BLK(search_ptr);
  }
    
  // Set predecessor and successor 
  if (search_ptr != NULL) {
    if (insert_ptr != NULL) {
      PUT_PTR(PRV_PTR(ptr), search_ptr);
      PUT_PTR(NXT_PTR(search_ptr), ptr);
      PUT_PTR(NXT_PTR(ptr), insert_ptr);
      PUT_PTR(PRV_PTR(insert_ptr), ptr);
    } else {
      PUT_PTR(PRV_PTR(ptr), search_ptr);
      PUT_PTR(NXT_PTR(search_ptr), ptr);
      PUT_PTR(NXT_PTR(ptr), NULL);
      seg_list[list] = ptr;
    }
  } else {
    if (insert_ptr != NULL) {
      PUT_PTR(PRV_PTR(ptr), NULL);
      PUT_PTR(NXT_PTR(ptr), insert_ptr);
      PUT_PTR(PRV_PTR(insert_ptr), ptr);
    } else {
      PUT_PTR(PRV_PTR(ptr), NULL);
      PUT_PTR(NXT_PTR(ptr), NULL);
      seg_list[list] = ptr;
    }
  }
    
  return;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////// HELPER PREDEF //////////////////////////////// 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/* Page 856-858, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
static void place(void *bp, size_t asize);
/* Page 856, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
static void* find_fit(size_t asize);
/* Page 833, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
static void* coalesce(void *bp);
/* Page 831, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
static void* extend_heap(size_t words);
static void add_free(void* bp, size_t asize);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////// HELPER FUNCTIONS /////////////////////////////// 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
static void add_free(void* bp, size_t asize) {
  insert_node(bp, asize);
}
static int getSzClass(size_t asize) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < LISTSIZE; ++i) {
    if (asize == (1 << i)) {
      return i;
    }
  }
  return LISTSIZE-1;
}

static void remove_free(void* bp) {
  int szClass = getSzClass(GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp)));

  if (PRV_BLK(bp) == NULL && NXT_BLK(bp) == NULL) {
    seg_list[szClass] = NULL;
  } else if (PRV_BLK(bp) != NULL && NXT_BLK(bp) == NULL) {
    PUT_PTR(PRV_PTR(PRV_BLK(bp)), NULL);
    seg_list[szClass] = PRV_BLK(bp);
  } else if (PRV_BLK(bp) == NULL && NXT_BLK(bp) != NULL) {
    PUT_PTR(PRV_PTR(NXT_BLK(bp)), NULL);
  } if (PRV_BLK(bp) != NULL && NXT_BLK(bp) != NULL) { 
    PUT_PTR(NXT_PTR(PRV_BLK(bp)), NXT_BLK(bp));
    PUT_PTR(PRV_PTR(NXT_BLK(bp)), PRV_BLK(bp));
  }
}

static void place(void *bp, size_t asize)
{
  size_t csize = GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp));

  remove_free(bp);

  PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(csize, 1));
  PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(csize, 1));
  if (asize <= (2*(1 << (LISTSIZE-1)))) {
    return;
  } else {
    bp = NEXT_BLKP(bp);
    PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(csize-asize, 0));
    PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(csize-asize, 0));
    add_free(bp, csize-asize);
  }
}

static void* best_fit(void* ptr, size_t asize) {
  unsigned long left_over = GET_SIZE(ptr) - asize;
  void* bestfit = ptr;
  unsigned long best_left_over = GET_SIZE(ptr) - asize;
  while (NXT_PTR(ptr) != NULL) {
    left_over = GET_SIZE(ptr) - asize;
    if(left_over<best_left_over){
      best_left_over = left_over;
      bestfit=ptr;
    }  
    ptr = NXT_BLK(ptr);
  }
  return bestfit;
}
/* Page 856, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
static void* find_fit(size_t asize)
{
  int szClass  = getSzClass(asize);
  void* classPtr = seg_list[szClass];
  if (classPtr == NULL) {
    return NULL;
  } else {
    if (szClass != LISTSIZE -1) {
    while (NXT_PTR(classPtr) != NULL) {
      classPtr = NXT_BLK(classPtr);
    }
    return classPtr;
    } else {
      return best_fit(classPtr, asize);
    }
  }
}

/* Page 833, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
static void *coalesce(void *bp) {
  size_t prev_alloc = GET_ALLOC(FTRP(PREV_BLKP(bp)));
  size_t next_alloc = GET_ALLOC(HDRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)));
  size_t size = GET_SIZE(HDRP(bp));

  if (prev_alloc && next_alloc) {                /* Case 1 */
    return bp;
  } else if (prev_alloc && !next_alloc) {        /* Case 2 */
    remove_free(bp);
    remove_free(NEXT_BLKP(bp));
    size += GET_SIZE(HDRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)));
    PUT(HDRP(bp),PACK(size,0));
    PUT(FTRP(bp),PACK(size,0));
  } else if (!prev_alloc && next_alloc) {        /* Case 3 */
    remove_free(bp);
    remove_free(PREV_BLKP(bp));
    size += GET_SIZE(HDRP(PREV_BLKP(bp)));
    PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(size, 0));
    PUT(HDRP(PREV_BLKP(bp)), PACK(size, 0));
    bp = PREV_BLKP(bp);
  } else {                                       /* Case 4 */
    remove_free(bp);
    remove_free(PREV_BLKP(bp));
    remove_free(NEXT_BLKP(bp));
    size += GET_SIZE(HDRP(PREV_BLKP(bp))) +
      GET_SIZE(FTRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)));
    PUT(HDRP(PREV_BLKP(bp)), PACK(size, 0));
    PUT(FTRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)), PACK(size, 0));
    bp = PREV_BLKP(bp);
  }

  add_free(bp, size);
  
  return bp;
}

/* Page 831, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
static void *extend_heap(size_t words)
{
  char *bp;
  size_t size;

  /* Allocate an even number of words to maintain alignment */
  size = (words % 2) ? (words+1) * WSIZE : words * WSIZE;
  if ((long)(bp = mem_sbrk(size)) == -1)
    return NULL;

  /* Initialize free block header/footer and the epilogue header */
  PUT(HDRP(bp), PACK(size,0)); /* Free block header */
  PUT(FTRP(bp), PACK(size,0)); /* Free block footer */
  PUT(HDRP(NEXT_BLKP(bp)), PACK(0, 1)); /* New epilogue header */

  add_free(bp, size);

  /* Coalesce if the previous block was free */
  return coalesce(bp);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////// MAIN FUNCTIONALITY //////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/* Page 831, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
/*
 * mm_init - initialize the malloc package.
 */
int mm_init(void)
{
  // init seg_list
  for (size_t i = 0; i < LISTSIZE; ++i) {
    seg_list[i] = NULL;
  }

  /* Create the initial empty heap */
  if ((heap_listp = mem_sbrk(4*WSIZE)) == (void *)-1)
    return -1;
  PUT(heap_listp, 0); /* Alignment padding */
  PUT(heap_listp + (1*WSIZE), PACK(DSIZE, 1)); /* Prologue header */
  PUT(heap_listp + (2*WSIZE), PACK(DSIZE, 1)); /* Prologue footer */
  PUT(heap_listp + (3*WSIZE), PACK(0, 1));   /* Epilogue header */
  heap_listp += (2*WSIZE);

  /* Extend the empty heap with a free block of CHUNKSIZE bytes */
  if (extend_heap(CHUNKSIZE/WSIZE) == NULL)
    return -1;
  return 0;
}

/* Page 834, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
/*
 * mm_malloc - Allocate a block by incrementing the brk pointer.
 *     Always allocate a block whose size is a multiple of the alignment.
 */
void *mm_malloc(size_t size)
{
  size_t asize; /* Adjusted block size */
  size_t extendsize; /* Amount to extend heap if no fit */
  char *bp; /* Pointer */

  /* Ignore spurious requests */
  if (size == 0)
    return NULL;

  /* Adjust block size to include overhead and alignment reqs. */
  if (size <= DSIZE)
    asize = 2*DSIZE;
  else
    asize = ALIGN(size+DSIZE);

  /* Search the free list for a fit */
  if ((bp = find_fit(asize)) != NULL) {
    place(bp, asize);
    return bp;
  }

  /* No fit found. Get more memory and place the block */
  extendsize = MAX(asize,CHUNKSIZE);
  if ((bp = extend_heap(extendsize/WSIZE)) == NULL)
    return NULL;
  place(bp, asize);
  return bp;
}

/* Page 833, Pearson R. Bryant – D. O’Hallaron. Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective.3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003. */
/*
 * mm_free - Freeing a block does nothing.
 */
void mm_free(void *ptr)
{
  size_t size = GET_SIZE(HDRP(ptr));
  PUT(HDRP(ptr), PACK(size, 0));
  PUT(FTRP(ptr), PACK(size, 0));

  coalesce(ptr);
}

/*
 * mm_realloc - Implemented simply in terms of mm_malloc and mm_free
 */
void *mm_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
  /*
   * ATTENTION: You do not need to implement realloc for this assignment
   */
  void *oldptr = ptr;
  void *newptr;
  size_t copySize;

  newptr = mm_malloc(size);
  if (newptr == NULL)
    return NULL;
  copySize = *(size_t *)((char *)oldptr - SIZE_T_SIZE);
  if (size < copySize)
    copySize = size;
  memcpy(newptr, oldptr, copySize);
  mm_free(oldptr);
  return newptr;
}