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Improve RGB lighting documentation (#3580)

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# RGB Lighting
If you've installed addressable RGB lights on your keyboard you can control them with QMK. Currently we support the following addressable LEDs on Atmel AVR processors:
QMK has the ability to control RGB LEDs attached to your keyboard. This is commonly called *underglow*, due to the LEDs often being mounted on the bottom of the keyboard, producing a nice diffused effect when combined with a translucent case.
* WS2811 and variants (WS2812, WS2812B, WS2812C, etc)
* SK6812RGBW
![Planck with RGB Underglow](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/3774a7fcdab5544fc787f4c200be05fcd417e31f/keyboards/planck/keymaps/yang/planck-with-rgb-underglow.jpg)
Some keyboards come with RGB LEDs pre-installed. Others have to have LEDs installed after the fact. See below for information on modifying your keyboard.
Some keyboards come with RGB LEDs preinstalled. Others must have them installed after the fact. See the [Hardware Modification](#hardware-modification) section for information on adding RGB lighting to your keyboard.
## Selecting Colors
Currently QMK supports the following addressable LEDs on AVR microcontrollers (however, the white LED in RGBW variants is not supported):
QMK uses Hue, Saturation, and Value to set color rather than using RGB. You can use the color wheel below to see how this works. Changing the Hue will cycle around the circle. Saturation will affect the intensity of the color, which you can see as you move from the inner part to the outer part of the wheel. Value sets the overall brightness.
* WS2811, WS2812, WS2812B, WS2812C, etc.
* SK6812, SK6812MINI, SK6805
<img src="gitbook/images/color-wheel.svg" alt="HSV Color Wheel" width="250">
These LEDs are called "addressable" because instead of using a wire per color, each LED contains a small microchip that understands a special protocol sent over a single wire. The chip passes on the remaining data to the next LED, allowing them to be chained together. In this way, you can easily control the color of the individual LEDs.
If you would like to learn more about HSV you can start with the [Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV).
## Usage
## Configuration
Before RGB Lighting can be used you have to enable it in `rules.mk`:
On keyboards with onboard RGB LEDs, it is usually enabled by default. If it is not working for you, check that your `rules.mk` includes the following:
```make
RGBLIGHT_ENABLE = yes
You can configure the behavior of the RGB lighting by defining values inside `config.h`.
### Required Configuration
At minimum you have to define the pin your LED strip is connected to and the number of LEDs connected.
```c
#define RGB_DI_PIN D7 // The pin the LED strip is connected to
#define RGBLED_NUM 14 // Number of LEDs in your strip
```
### Optional Configuration
At minimum you must define the data pin your LED strip is connected to, and the number of LEDs in the strip, in your `config.h`. If your keyboard has onboard RGB LEDs, and you are simply creating a keymap, you usually won't need to modify these.
You can change the behavior of the RGB Lighting by setting these configuration values. Use `#define <Option> <Value>` in a `config.h` at the keyboard, revision, or keymap level.
|Define |Description |
|------------|---------------------------------------------|
|`RGB_DI_PIN`|The pin connected to the data pin of the LEDs|
|`RGBLED_NUM`|The number of LEDs connected |
| Option | Default Value | Description |
|--------|---------------|-------------|
| `RGBLIGHT_HUE_STEP` | 10 | How many hues you want to have available. |
| `RGBLIGHT_SAT_STEP` | 17 | How many steps of saturation you'd like. |
| `RGBLIGHT_VAL_STEP` | 17 | The number of levels of brightness you want. |
| `RGBLIGHT_LIMIT_VAL` | 255 | Limit the val of HSV to limit the maximum brightness simply. |
| `RGBLIGHT_SLEEP` | | `#define` this will shut off the lights when the host goes to sleep |
Then you should be able to use the keycodes below to change the RGB lighting to your liking.
### Color Selection
### Animations
QMK uses [Hue, Saturation, and Value](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV) to select colors rather than RGB. The color wheel below demonstrates how this works.
If you have `#define RGBLIGHT_ANIMATIONS` in your `config.h` you will have a number of animation modes you can cycle through using the `RGB_MOD` key. You can also `#define` other options to tweak certain animations.
<img src="gitbook/images/color-wheel.svg" alt="HSV Color Wheel" width="250"/>
| Option | Default Value | Description |
|--------|---------------|-------------|
| `RGBLIGHT_ANIMATIONS` | | `#define` this to enable animation modes. |
| `RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_BREATHE_CENTER` | 1.85 | Used to calculate the curve for the breathing animation. Valid values 1.0-2.7. |
| `RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_BREATHE_MAX` | 255 | The maximum brightness for the breathing mode. Valid values 1-255. |
| `RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_SNAKE_LENGTH` | 4 | The number of LEDs to light up for the "snake" animation. |
| `RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_KNIGHT_LENGTH` | 3 | The number of LEDs to light up for the "knight" animation. |
| `RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_KNIGHT_OFFSET` | 0 | Start the knight animation this many LEDs from the start of the strip. |
| `RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_KNIGHT_LED_NUM` | RGBLED_NUM | The number of LEDs to have the "knight" animation travel. |
| `RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_CHRISTMAS_INTERVAL` | 1000 | How long to wait between light changes for the "christmas" animation. Specified in ms. |
| `RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_CHRISTMAS_STEP` | 2 | How many LED's to group the red/green colors by for the christmas mode. |
Changing the **Hue** cycles around the circle.
Changing the **Saturation** moves between the inner and outer sections of the wheel, affecting the intensity of the color.
Changing the **Value** sets the overall brightness.
You can also tweak the behavior of the animations by defining these consts in your `keymap.c`. These mostly affect the speed different modes animate at.
```c
// How long (in ms) to wait between animation steps for the breathing mode
const uint8_t RGBLED_BREATHING_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {30, 20, 10, 5};
// How long (in ms) to wait between animation steps for the rainbow mode
const uint8_t RGBLED_RAINBOW_MOOD_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {120, 60, 30};
// How long (in ms) to wait between animation steps for the swirl mode
const uint8_t RGBLED_RAINBOW_SWIRL_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {100, 50, 20};
// How long (in ms) to wait between animation steps for the snake mode
const uint8_t RGBLED_SNAKE_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {100, 50, 20};
// How long (in ms) to wait between animation steps for the knight modes
const uint8_t RGBLED_KNIGHT_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {127, 63, 31};
// These control which colors are selected for the gradient mode
const uint16_t RGBLED_GRADIENT_RANGES[] PROGMEM = {360, 240, 180, 120, 90};
```
### LED Control
Look in `rgblights.h` for all available functions, but if you want to control all or some LEDs your goto functions are:
```c
// turn all lights off (stored in EEPROM)
rgblight_disable();
// turn lights on, based on their previous state (stored in EEPROM)
rgblight_enable();
// turn all lights off (not stored in EEPROM)
rgblight_disable_noeeprom();
// turn lights on, based on their previous state (not stored in EEPROM)
rgblight_enable_noeeprom();
// where r/g/b is a number from 0..255. Turns all the LEDs to this color (ignores mode, not stored in EEPROM).
rgblight_setrgb(r, g, b);
// HSV color control - h is a value from 0..360 and s/v is a value from 0..255 (stored in EEPROM)
rgblight_sethsv(h, s, v);
// HSV color control - h is a value from 0..360 and s/v is a value from 0..255 (not stored in EEPROM)
rgblight_sethsv_noeeprom(h, s, v);
// Sets the mode, if rgb animations are enabled (stored in eeprom)
rgblight_mode(x);
// Sets the mode, if rgb animations are enabled (not stored in eeprom)
rgblight_mode_noeeprom(x);
// MODE 1, solid color
// MODE 2-5, breathing
// MODE 6-8, rainbow mood
// MODE 9-14, rainbow swirl
// MODE 15-20, snake
// MODE 21-23, knight
// MODE 24, xmas
// MODE 25-34, static rainbow
rgblight_setrgb_at(r,g,b, LED); // control a single LED. 0 <= LED < RGBLED_NUM
rgblight_sethsv_at(h,s,v, LED); // control a single LED. 0 <= LED < RGBLED_NUM
```
You can find a list of predefined colors at [`quantum/rgblight_list.h`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/blob/master/quantum/rgblight_list.h). Free to add to this list!
## RGB Lighting Keycodes
These control the RGB Lighting functionality.
## Keycodes
|Key |Aliases |Description |
|-------------------|----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
@ -148,23 +63,95 @@ These control the RGB Lighting functionality.
|`RGB_MODE_GRADIENT`|`RGB_M_G` |Static gradient animation mode |
|`RGB_MODE_RGBTEST` |`RGB_M_T` |Red, Green, Blue test animation mode |
note: for backwards compatibility, `RGB_SMOD` is an alias for `RGB_MOD`.
?> For backwards compatibility, `RGB_SMOD` is another alias of `RGB_MOD`.
## Configuration
Your RGB lighting can be configured by placing these `#define`s in your `config.h`:
|Define |Default |Description |
|---------------------|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`RGBLIGHT_HUE_STEP` |`10` |The number of steps to cycle through the hue by |
|`RGBLIGHT_SAT_STEP` |`17` |The number of steps to increment the saturation by |
|`RGBLIGHT_VAL_STEP` |`17` |The number of steps to increment the brightness by |
|`RGBLIGHT_LIMIT_VAL` |`255` |The maximum brightness level |
|`RGBLIGHT_SLEEP` |*Not defined*|If defined, the RGB lighting will be switched off when the host goes to sleep|
## Animations
Not only can this lighting be whatever color you want, if `RGBLIGHT_ANIMATIONS` is defined, you also have a number of animation modes at your disposal:
|Mode |Description |
|-----|---------------------|
|1 |Solid color |
|2-5 |Solid color breathing|
|6-8 |Cycling rainbow |
|9-14 |Swirling rainbow |
|15-20|Snake |
|21-23|Knight |
|24 |Christmas |
|25-34|Static gradient |
|35 |RGB Test |
|36 |Alternating |
Check out [this video](https://youtube.com/watch?v=VKrpPAHlisY) for a demonstration.
The following options can be used to tweak the various animations:
|Define |Default |Description |
|------------------------------------|-------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`RGBLIGHT_ANIMATIONS` |*Not defined*|If defined, enables additional animation modes |
|`RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_BREATHE_CENTER` |`1.85` |Used to calculate the curve for the breathing animation. Valid values are 1.0 to 2.7 |
|`RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_BREATHE_MAX` |`255` |The maximum brightness for the breathing mode. Valid values are 1 to 255 |
|`RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_SNAKE_LENGTH` |`4` |The number of LEDs to light up for the "Snake" animation |
|`RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_KNIGHT_LENGTH` |`3` |The number of LEDs to light up for the "Knight" animation |
|`RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_KNIGHT_OFFSET` |`0` |The number of LEDs to start the "Knight" animation from the start of the strip by |
|`RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_KNIGHT_LED_NUM` |`RGBLED_NUM` |The number of LEDs to have the "Knight" animation travel |
|`RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_CHRISTMAS_INTERVAL`|`1000` |How long to wait between light changes for the "Christmas" animation, in milliseconds|
|`RGBLIGHT_EFFECT_CHRISTMAS_STEP` |`2` |The number of LEDs to group the red/green colors by for the "Christmas" animation |
You can also modify the speeds that the different modes animate at:
```c
// How long (in milliseconds) to wait between animation steps for each of the "Solid color breathing" animations
const uint8_t RGBLED_BREATHING_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {30, 20, 10, 5};
// How long (in milliseconds) to wait between animation steps for each of the "Cycling rainbow" animations
const uint8_t RGBLED_RAINBOW_MOOD_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {120, 60, 30};
// How long (in milliseconds) to wait between animation steps for each of the "Swirling rainbow" animations
const uint8_t RGBLED_RAINBOW_SWIRL_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {100, 50, 20};
// How long (in milliseconds) to wait between animation steps for each of the "Snake" animations
const uint8_t RGBLED_SNAKE_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {100, 50, 20};
// How long (in milliseconds) to wait between animation steps for each of the "Knight" animations
const uint8_t RGBLED_KNIGHT_INTERVALS[] PROGMEM = {127, 63, 31};
// These control which hues are selected for each of the "Static gradient" modes
const uint16_t RGBLED_GRADIENT_RANGES[] PROGMEM = {360, 240, 180, 120, 90};
```
## Functions
If you need to change your RGB lighting in code, for example in a macro to change the color whenever you switch layers, QMK provides a set of functions to assist you. See [`rgblight.h`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/blob/master/quantum/rgblight.h) for the full list, but the most commonly used functions include:
|Function |Description |
|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`rgblight_enable()` |Turn LEDs on, based on their previous state |
|`rgblight_enable_noeeprom()` |Turn LEDs on, based on their previous state (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_disable()` |Turn LEDs off |
|`rgblight_disable_noeeprom()` |Turn LEDs off (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_mode(x)` |Set the mode, if RGB animations are enabled |
|`rgblight_mode_noeeprom(x)` |Set the mode, if RGB animations are enabled (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_setrgb(r, g, b)` |Set all LEDs to the given RGB value where `r`/`g`/`b` are between 0 and 255 (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_setrgb_at(r, g, b, led)` |Set a single LED to the given RGB value, where `r`/`g`/`b` are between 0 and 255 and `led` is between 0 and `RGBLED_NUM` (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_sethsv(h, s, v)` |Set all LEDs to the given HSV value where `h` is between 0 and 360 and `s`/`v` are between 0 and 255 |
|`rgblight_sethsv_noeeprom(h, s, v)`|Set all LEDs to the given HSV value where `h` is between 0 and 360 and `s`/`v` are between 0 and 255 (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_sethsv_at(h, s, v, led)` |Set a single LED to the given HSV value, where `h` is between 0 and 360, `s`/`v` are between 0 and 255, and `led` is between 0 and `RGBLED_NUM` (not written to EEPROM)|
Additionally, [`rgblight_list.h`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/blob/master/quantum/rgblight_list.h) defines several predefined shortcuts for various colors. Feel free to add to this list!
## Hardware Modification
![Planck with RGB Underglow](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/3774a7fcdab5544fc787f4c200be05fcd417e31f/keyboards/planck/keymaps/yang/planck-with-rgb-underglow.jpg)
Here is a quick demo on Youtube (with NPKC KC60) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKrpPAHlisY).
For this mod, you need an unused pin wiring to DI of WS2812 strip. After wiring the VCC, GND, and DI, you can enable the underglow in your Makefile.
RGBLIGHT_ENABLE = yes
In order to use the underglow animation functions, you need to have `#define RGBLIGHT_ANIMATIONS` in your `config.h`.
Please add the following options into your config.h, and set them up according your hardware configuration. These settings are for the `F4` pin by default:
#define RGB_DI_PIN F4 // The pin your RGB strip is wired to
#define RGBLED_NUM 14 // Number of LEDs
You'll need to edit `RGB_DI_PIN` to the pin you have your `DI` on your RGB strip wired to.
If your keyboard lacks onboard underglow LEDs, you may often be able to solder on an RGB LED strip yourself. You will need to find an unused pin to wire to the data pin of your LED strip. Some keyboards may break out unused pins from the MCU to make soldering easier. The other two pins, VCC and GND, must also be connected to the appropriate power pins.