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* Debian Preseed Configuration
This Git repository contains a preseed configuration file (preseed.txt) that can be used to automate the installation of Debian on default machines. The preseed file is based on the official DebianInstaller/Preseed documentation, which can be found [[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/Preseed][here]].
* Usage
To use this preseed configuration during installation, follow these steps:
1. When the graphical installer boot menu appears, select the "Help" entry.
2. You will get a generic help screen with a boot: prompt at the bottom.
3. Type the following command, replacing the URL with the address to your preseed configuration file:
#+begin_src shell
auto url=http://webserver/path/preseed.cfg
#+end_src
* Preseed Configuration Details
The preseed configuration includes the following sections:
Localization
Language: English (US)
Country: Germany
Network Configuration
Automatically choose a network interface with a link.
Mirror Settings
Use manual mirror selection with `http.de.debian.org` as the mirror.
Account Setup
- Set root password to `asdf`.
- Create a user account with username `user` and password `asdf`. This user will belong to the groups: `audio`, `cdrom`, `video`, `sudo`.
Clock and Time Zone Setup
- Hardware clock is set to UTC.
- Time zone is set to `Europe/Berlin`.
- NTP is enabled to sync the clock.
Partitioning
- Automatically partition the disk with GPT label.
- Use the `atomic` partitioning recipe (all files in one partition).
Base System Installation
- Additional packages to install: `openssh-server`, `build-essential`, `sudo`, `git`, `iperf3`, `smartmontools`, `vim`, `curl`, `tree`, `rsync`, `systemd-timesyncd`, `neofetch`, `btrfs-progs`, `powertop`.
Boot Loader Installation
- Grub is the boot loader.
- Grub will be installed to the UEFI partition/boot record if no other operating system is detected.
Finishing Up the Installation
- Avoid displaying the last message about the install being complete.
- After installation, the system will halt (not reboot).
Advanced Options
- Custom commands will be run after installation to set up SSH keys for the `user` account.
* Custom Commands
The following custom commands will be executed during the installation:
#+begin_src shell
mkdir -p /home/user/.ssh/
echo "sh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIKqc9fnzfCz8fQDFzla+D8PBhvaMmFu2aF+TYkkZRxl9 tuan@genesis-2022-01-20" > /target/home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys
chown -R user:user /target/home/user/.ssh/
chmod 700 /target/home/user/.ssh/
chmod 600 /target/home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys
#+end_src
These commands will create an .ssh directory in the user's home directory, add an authorized SSH key, and set the appropriate permissions.
Feel free to customize this preseed configuration to suit your specific requirements.

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#_preseed_V1
### Localization
# Preseeding only locale sets language, country and locale.
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US
d-i debian-installer/language string en
d-i debian-installer/country string DE
# Keyboard selection.
d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select us
### Network configuration
# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it
# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
# To pick a particular interface instead:
#d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth1
# Any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take precedence over
# values set here. However, setting the values still prevents the questions
# from being shown, even if values come from dhcp.
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string test
d-i netcfg/get_domain string seyshiro.de
### Mirror settings
# Mirror protocol:
# If you select ftp, the mirror/country string does not need to be set.
# Default value for the mirror protocol: http.
d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string http.de.debian.org
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
#d-i mirror/http/proxy string
### Account setup
# Root password, either in clear text
d-i passwd/root-password password asdf
d-i passwd/root-password-again password asdf
# To create a normal user account.
d-i passwd/user-fullname string user
d-i passwd/username string user
# Normal user's password, either in clear text
d-i passwd/user-password password asdf
d-i passwd/user-password-again password asdf
# The user account will be added to some standard initial groups. To
# override that, use this.
d-i passwd/user-default-groups string audio cdrom video sudo
### Clock and time zone setup
# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC.
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of
# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for valid values.
d-i time/zone string Europe/Berlin
# Controls whether to use NTP to set the clock during the install
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
# NTP server to use. The default is almost always fine here.
#d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.example.com
### Partitioning
## Partitioning example
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
# You can choose one of the three predefined partitioning recipes:
# - atomic: all files in one partition
# - home: separate /home partition
# - multi: separate /home, /var, and /tmp partitions
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
# Force UEFI booting ('BIOS compatibility' will be lost). Default: false.
# Ensure the partition table is GPT - this is required for EFI
d-i partman-efi/non_efi_system boolean true
d-i partman-partitioning/choose_label select gpt
d-i partman-partitioning/default_label string gpt
# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation.
d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
### Base system installation
### Apt setup
# Choose, if you want to scan additional installation media
# (default: false).
d-i apt-setup/cdrom/set-first boolean false
# Select which update services to use; define the mirrors to be used.
# Values shown below are the normal defaults.
d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, updates
d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org
# Uncomment this to add multiarch configuration for i386
#d-i apt-setup/multiarch string i386
### Package selection
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard
# Individual additional packages to install
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server build-essential sudo git iperf3 smartmontools vim curl tree rsync systemd-timesyncd neofetch btrfs-progs powertop
# Whether to upgrade packages after debootstrap.
# Allowed values: none, safe-upgrade, full-upgrade
d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
### Boot loader installation
# Grub is the boot loader (for x86).
# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the UEFI
# partition/boot record if no other operating system is detected on the machine.
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
# This one makes grub-installer install to the UEFI partition/boot record, if
# it also finds some other OS, which is less safe as it might not be able to
# boot that other OS.
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
# Due notably to potential USB sticks, the location of the primary drive can
# not be determined safely in general, so this needs to be specified:
#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string /dev/sda
# To install to the primary device (assuming it is not a USB stick):
#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string default
# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the UEFI
# parition/boot record, uncomment and edit these lines:
#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false
#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false
#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,1)
# To install grub to multiple disks:
#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,1) (hd1,1) (hd2,1)
# Use the following option to add additional boot parameters for the
# installed system (if supported by the bootloader installer).
#d-i debian-installer/add-kernel-opts string nousb
### Finishing up the installation
# Avoid that last message about the install being complete.
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
# This is how to make the installer shutdown when finished, but not
# reboot into the installed system.
d-i debian-installer/exit/halt boolean true
# This will power off the machine instead of just halting it.
d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true
#### Advanced options
### Running custom commands during the installation
d-i preseed/late_command string \
in-target mkdir -p /home/user/.ssh/; \
in-target echo "sh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIKqc9fnzfCz8fQDFzla+D8PBhvaMmFu2aF+TYkkZRxl9 tuan@genesis-2022-01-20" > /target/home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys; \
in-target chown -R user:user /target/home/user/.ssh/; \
in-target chmod 700 /target/home/user/.ssh/; \
in-target chmod 600 /target/home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys